{"id":9113,"date":"2019-10-26T14:38:39","date_gmt":"2019-10-26T06:38:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.sepc.ac.cn\/?p=9113"},"modified":"2019-11-04T14:43:54","modified_gmt":"2019-11-04T06:43:54","slug":"%e8%88%aa%e7%a9%ba%e8%be%90%e5%b0%84%e4%b8%8e%e7%a9%ba%e9%97%b4%e5%a4%a9%e6%b0%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.sepc.ac.cn\/?p=9113","title":{"rendered":"\u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5929\u6c14"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u201c\u5750\u98de\u673a\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u8f90\u5c04\u5417\uff1f\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u5c06\u7a7a\u52e4\u4eba\u5458\u5217\u5165\u804c\u4e1a\u53d7\u7167\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u9664\u4e86\u4e0e\u822a\u7ebf\u6709\u5173\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5929\u6c14\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u5929\u6c14\u5bf9\u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u65e9\u5728<\/span>1911\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d6b\u65af\uff08<\/span>Hess<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1883-1964<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7\u63a2\u7a7a\u6c14\u7403\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u3002<\/span>\u4f46\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u5bf9\u822a\u7a7a\u98de\u884c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u76f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>, \u76f4\u5230<\/span>1991<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>, <\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u8f90\u5c04\u9632\u62a4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>ICRP<\/span>\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u7a7a\u52e4\u4eba\u5458\u5217\u5165\u804c\u4e1a\u53d7\u7167\u4eba\u7fa4<\/span>, <\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u624d\u5f15\u8d77\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2002\u5e74<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708<\/span>1<\/span>\u65e5<\/span>, <\/span>\u6211\u56fd\u9881\u5e03\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u300a\u7a7a\u52e4\u4eba\u5458\u5b87\u5b99\u8f90\u5c04\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u51c6\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a<\/span>: <\/span>\u7a7a\u52e4\u4eba\u5458\u804c\u4e1a\u7167\u5c04\u6709\u6548\u5242\u91cf\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>20mSv\/<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>, <\/span>\u5973\u6027\u7a7a\u52e4\u4eba\u5458\u4ece\u53d1\u73b0\u598a\u5a20\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77<\/span>, \u5728\u5b55\u671f\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u8865\u5145\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd<\/span>, <\/span>\u4f7f\u5176\u8179\u90e8\u8868\u9762<\/span>( <\/span>\u4e0b\u8eaf\u5e72<\/span>)<\/span>\u7d2f\u79ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>1mSv<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u822a\u7a7a\u98de\u884c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u662f\u7531\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u94f6\u6cb3\u5b87\u5b99\u7ebf\u548c\u592a\u9633\u7206\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u592a\u9633\u5b87\u5b99\u7ebf\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u592a\u9633\u8d28\u5b50\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e2d\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u521d\u7ea7\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8d28\u5b50\u3001\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u6c26\u548c\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u91cd\u6838\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u539a\u539a\u7684\u5927\u6c14\uff0c\u521d\u7ea7\u7c92\u5b50\u649e\u51fb\u5927\u6c14\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d28\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u8f7b\u5b50\u53ca\u5149\u5b50\uff08<\/span>\u03b3 \u5c04\u7ebf\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b21\u7ea7\u7c92\u5b50\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u6b21\u7ea7\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5e73\u5747\u80fd\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e34\u754c\u503c\uff0c\u6b21\u7ea7\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\u7c92\u5b50\u9010\u6e10\u8870\u53d8\u6216\u88ab\u5927\u6c14\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u4f7f\u6b21\u7ea7\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u9010\u6e10\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u7a7a\u6c14\u7c07\u5c04\u201d\u3002\u822a\u7a7a\u98de\u884c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u6b21\u7ea7\u7c92\u5b50\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e2d\u5b50\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u5360\u603b\u5242\u91cf\u768450%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u56fe<\/span>1 \u00a0\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u5f15\u8d77\u201c\u7a7a\u6c14\u7c07\u5c04\u201d\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81ea<\/span>https:\/\/phys.org\/newman\/gfx\/news\/hires\/15-scientistspr.jpg\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u5b87\u5b99\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8ddf\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5b87\u5b99\u8f90\u5c04\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a<\/span>0.03\u03bcSv\/h\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span>1mSv\uff1d<\/span>1000\u03bcSv\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5360\u5730\u9762\u5929\u7136\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u7684<\/span>15%\uff08\u5176\u4f59\u7531\u5ca9\u77f3\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u7b49\u6240\u542b\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u4ea7\u751f\uff09\u3002\u800c\u5728<\/span>8\uff5e<\/span>12km\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u98de\u884c\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230<\/span>1\uff5e<\/span>6\u03bcSv\/h\u3002\u534f\u548c\u53f7\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u98de\u673a\u7684\u5de1\u822a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a<\/span>18000\u7c73\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u666e\u901a\u98de\u673a\u76842\u500d\uff0c\u5b83\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u662f\u666e\u901a\u98de\u673a\u76842\uff5e<\/span>3\u500d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u56fe<\/span>2 \u00a0\u534f\u548c\u53f7\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u98de\u673a<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81ea<\/span>http:\/\/a1.att.hudong.com\/40\/19\/01300000244643122567192664556.jpg\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u7531\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u6210\u4efd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5e26\u7535\u7c92\u5b50<\/span>, \u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u573a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u5411\u4e24\u6781\u65b9\u5411\u504f\u79fb, \u6240\u4ee5\u8d64\u9053\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8f83\u4e24\u6781\u4f4e, \u76f8\u540c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6781\u533a\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8d64\u9053\u5904\u5927\u7ea6\u9ad8\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7f\u8d8a\u548c\u9760\u8fd1\u6781\u533a\u7684\u822a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u9664\u4e86\u4e0e\u822a\u7ebf\u6709\u5173\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5929\u6c14\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u7206\u53d1\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5730\u9762\u5b87\u5b99\u7ebf\u589e\u5f3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u957f\u671f\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u53d8\u5316\u5219\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u6d3b\u52a8\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u5730\u9762\u5b87\u5b99\u7ebf\u589e\u5f3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bf9\u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u5730\u9762\u5b87\u5b99\u7ebf\u589e\u5f3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08<\/span>GLE\uff09\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5f3a\u592a\u9633\u7206\u53d1\u6d3b\u52a8\u671f\u95f4\uff0c<\/span>GLE<\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5730\u9762\u5b87\u5b99\u7ebf\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ad9\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u89c2<\/span>\u6d4b<\/span>\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u7ebf\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7a81\u7136\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span>GLE\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u7531\u592a\u9633\u8d28\u5b50\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u592a\u9633\u8d28\u5b50\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9ad8\u80fd\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u5728<\/span>500MeV<\/span>\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5730\u9762\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u53f0\u7ad9\u51e0\u4e4e\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e0d\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c<\/span>\u5bf9\u822a\u7a7a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8f90\u5c04\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c0f<\/span>\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8f83\u591a\u80fd\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7<\/span>500MeV\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77<\/span>GLE<\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a>\u56fe<\/span>3 \u00a02005\u5e74<\/span>1<\/span>\u6708<\/span>20<\/span>\u65e5\u7684<\/span>GLE<\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u89c2\u6d4b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u5f3a\u7684<\/span>GLE\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u5728<\/span>1956<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>2<\/span>\u6708<\/span>23<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u671f\u95f4\u4e58\u5750\u4e00\u6b21\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u98de\u5f80\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u822a\u73ed\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u5242\u91cf\u4e3a<\/span>3mSv<\/span>\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5242\u91cf\u7684<\/span>50<\/span>\u500d\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u5f3a<\/span>GLE<\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u5728<\/span>2005<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>1<\/span>\u6708<\/span>20<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f<\/span>1956<\/span>\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd1<\/span>50<\/span>\u5e74\u5185\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u6587\u732e\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u671f\u95f4\u5df4\u9ece\u98de\u5f80\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u822a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u4e3a<\/span>0.36mSv\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u5f3a\u592a\u9633\u9ad8\u80fd\u7c92\u5b50\u7206\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728<\/span>1856<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5361\u6797\u987f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u636e\u4f30\u7b97\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u671f\u95f4\u4e00\u67b6\u666e\u901a\u5546\u4e1a\u5ba2\u673a\u98de\u8d8a\u6781\u5730<\/span>8<\/span>\u5c0f\u65f6\u65c5\u884c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u5c06\u8fbe\u5230<\/span>20mSv<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u5242\u91cf\u662f<\/span>ICRP<\/span>\u5efa\u8bae\u666e\u901a\u516c\u4f17\u6bcf\u5929\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u9650\u503c\u7684<\/span>20<\/span>\u500d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u592a\u9633\u957f\u671f\u6d3b\u52a8\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0b\u964d\u5bf9\u822a\u7a7a\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

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\"\"<\/a>\u56fe<\/span>4 \u00a0\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6570\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81ea<\/span>https:\/\/www.skybrary.aero\/images\/thumb\/f\/f2\/MSSN_2.jpg\/500px-MSSN_2.jpg)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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